If you have perused the online recommendation for the symptom of high blood sugar, you have probably come across berberine sulphate. Berberine is the extracted alkaloid from the Oregon grape / barberry family of plants. It has potent hypoglycemic effects, and beginning around , has been confirmed as a useful substance to help improve blood sugars, while lowering insulin and central body fat distribution. It has won a reputation for being &#;like metformin,&#; the common first-line drug for type 2 diabetes.[1]
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The mechanism for berberine extract is very unclear. For decades it has been a well-researched herbal treatment for intestinal infections, like Giardia, but it came with the warning to avoid long-term use due to the potential undesirable and antimicrobial effect in the gut. Significant gastrointestinal side effects are well documented with berberine extract studies.
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The gastrointestinal side effect of malabsorption is likely the primary reason why berberine lowers post-meal blood sugar; the herb is not absorbed, and acts within the gut to cause malabsorption of glucose and potentially other important nutrients.[2] In the type 2 diabetes study, over 30 percent of the subjects that took berberine sulphate had side effects including digestive distress, nausea, and diarrhea.[3] The frequency of GI side effects reinforces how the herb likely works to reduce blood sugars&#;by creating malabsorption, so the meal nutrients go right through.[4] It is better for you to put less carbohydrate in your mouth than to take a drug that causes gastrointestinal irritation and interferes with nutrient absorption. This extract is available over the counter, but at this time, I don&#;t recommend pursuing this herbal extract as therapy for hyperglycemia or type 2 diabetes.
[1] Zhang, H., Wei, J., Xue, R., et al. Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin receptor expression. Metabolism ; 59:285&#;92.
[2] Pan, G. Y., et al. Inhibitory action of berberine on glucose absorption. Dec; 38(12):911&#;4.
[3] Jun, Y., et al. Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism. May; 57(5): 712&#;17.
[4] Li, Z. Q., et al. Berberine acutely inhibits the digestion of maltose in the intestine. J Ethnopharmacol. Jul 13; 142(2):474&#;80.
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